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- Hydrogen bond
The bond which is formed between hydrogen atom(F, O or N) is known as Hydrogen bond.Hydrogen bond involves dipole to dipole moment. The bond strength of hydrogen is very small. Hydrogen bond is very much weaker as compered with covalent bond.
The intermolecular hydrogen bond is formed between positive and negative ends of same substance but of different molecule due to electrostatic forces attraction. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding is formed between hydrogen and an electronegative element due to the electrostatic forces of attraction but present in the same molecule.
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| Hydrogen Bond |
- Primary bond
Primary bonds can be classified into three types-
Ionic Bond, Covalent Bond and Metallic Bond
- Ionic bond- This types of bond creates when one of the atoms is negative or another is positive. Thus, there is a strong coulomb attraction between the atoms.As a example, NaCl have more electrons around Cl and Cl- and less around Na, forming Na+ creating a molecule of NaCl.
- Covalent bond- In this bonding, electrons are shared between the molecules to saturate their valency.The simplest example is H2 molecule, where the electron spend more time in between nuclei than outside, thus producing bonding.
- Metallic bond- In metals, the atoms are ionized losing some electrons from the valence band. Those electrons from an electron cloud, which binds the charge nucli in place, in a similar way that the electrons in between the H atoms in the H atoms in H2 molecule bind the protons.
- Secondary bonds-
Secondary bonds are weaker in nature and different from primary bonds. These can be classified into two groups- Van der waal's forces and hydrogen bond.
Van der waal's forces- Van der waal's forces are formed between two atomatic or molecular dipoles, both primary and temporary.
Hydrogen bonds are formed between hydrogen atoms and atoms of electronegative elements.
- Bonding Energy- It is define as the energy required to break a bond between two atoms.
- Bonding force- It is defined as the force that holds atoms to form a molecule is known as bonding force.
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