HIGHWAY ENGINEERING(Part 5)
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TRAFFIC ENGINEERING
- What is Traffic Engineering?
Traffic engineering is defined as that phase of highway engineering which deals with the planning and design of highway and with the traffic operation there on for the safe convenient and economic transportation of persons and goods.Traffic studies are divided into:1. Traffic characteristics 2. Traffic Studies and analysis 3. Traffic control regulation
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| Traffic Engineering |
- Objectives of the Traffic Engineering
1. Plan the road network and other facilities for vehicular traffics.2. Plan the schedule of different modes of transportation for the trip demand.
3. To judge the adequacy of existing routes and to use in planning new network to roads.
4. To locate expressway or major routes along the desires lines.
5. To established preferential routes for various categories to vehicle including by pass.
6. To locate intermediate stops of public transport.
- Traffic Capacity Studies
1. Traffic Volume(q)- It is the number of vehicle moving in a specified direction on a given lane or roadway that pass a given point during specified unit of time. It if express as volume per hour or volume per day.2. Traffic Density(k)- It is defined as the number of vehicles occupying a unit length of lane of roadway at a given instant It is express as vehicle per kilometer.
3. Traffic Capacity- It is the ability of of a roadway to accommodate traffic volume. It is express as vehicles per hour per lane.
- Relationship between traffic volume, Traffic Density and space mean speed
Traffic flow theory assumed that there is a fundamental relationship along three principle variables of traffic flow, speed and density as follows-q = k * U
q = Traffic volume( vehicles/ hour)
k = Traffic Density ( vehicle/ km)
U = Speed of vehicle( kmph) i.e space mean speed
- Determination of Theoretical Maximum capacity
(i) Maximum theoretical capacity on the basis of space headway Theoretical maximum capacity of a lane, C = 1000V/ S
where, C = capacity of single lane( vehicle per hour).
V = speed of vehicle( kmph).
S = Average center to center spacing of vehicles.
(ii) Maximum theoretical capacity on the basis of time headway:
Theoretical maximum capacity of the lane, C = 3600/ Ht
Where, Ht = Minimum time headway in seconds.
Busy Traffic and Vehicle Motion
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