Air Pollution-Source of Air Pollution-Air Pollutants-Effects of Air Pollution

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING(Part 3)

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AIR POLLUTION

Air pollution is the presence of contaminants released by human activities into the earth's atmosphere having potential of causing harm to property or the precious lives of plants, animals or humans.Air pollution is a part of environmental pollution.Air pollution is caused by various types of pollutants.Petroleum refineries release poisonous gases like sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide etc.According to world health organization, air pollution is the main reason for the death of 7 million people worldwide in 2014.Air pollution is destroying ozone layer continuously and increases the problem of global warming due to rise of temperature day by day.

Air Pollution-Source of Air Pollution-Air Pollutants-Effects of Air Pollution

Source Of Air pollution

There are mainly two types of source of air pollution-

(i) Natural Source- Volcanos, forest fire, dust stroms, oceans, plants.

(ii) Anthropogenic source- This is created by human beings.This is also divided into two sources-

1.Stationary Source

• Point Sources are industrial processing, power plants, fuel combastation etc.any sunstance
• Area Sources are residential heating coal gas oil, on site incineration, open burning etc.

2. Mobile sources- Line sources are highway vehicle, rail road locomotives etc.

Air Pollutants

any substance occurring in the atmosphere that may have adverse effects on humans, animals, plants life known as air pollutant. 

Criteria of air pollutants

Criteria of air pollutants is a term used internationally to describe air pollutants that have been regulated and are used as indicators of air quality.

Based on National Ambient Air quality standards (NAAQS) there are two types of air pollutants to create air pollution-

Primary Air Pollutants

These pollutants are emitted directly from the identifiable sources are given below 

(i) Oxides of Sulphur ( Particularly SO2)

(ii) Oxides of Carbon ( CO and CO2)

(iii) Oxides of Nitrogen ( NOx )

(iv) Hydrocarbons

(v) Suspended Particulate Matter ( SPM ) etc.

Secondary Air Pollutants

These are produced from the chemical reactions of natural or anthropogenic primary pollutants due to their oxidation, these are more harmful.

(i) Sulphuric Acid ( H2SO4)

(ii) Ozone (O3)

(iii) Formaldehyde (HCHO)

(iv) Peroxy-Acyl Nitrate ( PAN) etc.

Units of Measure of Air pollutant 

(i) Microgram per cubic metre.

(ii) Parts per million (ppm)

(iii) Micron or it's equivalent.

Effects of Air Pollutants on Human Health 

(i) Sulphur dioxide(SO2)-

SO2 is produce from combustion of oil and coal in power plant and automobiles. Due to increases of SO2, this is effect of breathing, break down of lung defences in human health.

(ii) Carbon Monoxide(CO)- 

CO is produce from incomplete combustion of coal and oil ( Petrol,Diesel). It is badly effect on human health.It creates headach,dizziness, nausea, difficulty in breathing and reduce O2 in blood.

(iii) Ozone(O3)-

This is a secondary pollutant produced by photochemical pollution.As a result, Chest pain and pulmonatory congestion diseases are happen due to O3.

(iv) Suspended Particulate Matter(SPM)-

Dust storm, cigerrate, smoke, garbage burning fossil fuel burning are the sources of SPM. It's effects are premature mortality bronchitis, ashama,carcinogenic effects.

(v) Lead(Pb)-

It's source is leaded petrol. Mental retardation, high blood pressure heart disease are the diseases are happen due to lead.

•  One of the most common reason of air pollution is cigarette smoke. To reduce air pollution there should reduce cigarette smoke and avoid smoke indoors.There have emissions tasted regularly and make sure your gas stove is well ventilated which will help to reduce air pollution.

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