Basic Idea about Concrete | What is RCC? | PSC

Basic of Concrete

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cement abd water. Concrete's versatility,durability and economy have made it the world's most used construction material. It is used in bridges, high rise building, highways, streets, parking lots etc.Concrete comes from the latin word concretus which means to grow. It is a heterogeneous mixture of any solid mass made by use of a cementing medium,the ingredients generally comprises sand, gravel, cement and water having well defined properties. 

1. Durability under hostile environmental.
2. It can be mould into variety of shapes.
3. Relative economy and easy availability.
4. Compression bearing capacity.
5. It shows versatility that means it used in buildings, bridges, tunnels, sewage system etc.

• Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) 

RCC is a composite material which consist embedding of steel bar into plane concrete and in which concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are counteracted by inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility. These bar compensate concrete's inability to resist tension.

• Pre-Stressed Concrete (PSC)

 PSC is a high strength concrete with high strength tensile wires embedded and tensioned prior to application of external loads.By this, concrete can be pre-stressed to such a degree that after the structure is loaded, there is  practically no resultant tension developed. Basically, it s a method for overcoming concrete's natural weakness in tension.

• Types of Concrete as per IS: 456-2000 

The concrete can be classified based on the value of mix as given below-

1. Ordinary Concrete (M10 to M20)
2. Standard Concrete( M25 to M55)
3. High Strength Concrete ( >M60) 

• Properties of Concrete 

Concrete has relatively high compressive strength, but significantly lower tensile strength, and as such is usually reinforced with materials that are strong in tension. 

• Grade of Concrete 

The most desire property of concrete is it's compressive strength.This is measured by standard test on concrete cube or cylinder specimen.The grade of a concrete is designated in terms of a number, which donates its characteristic compressive strength expressed as in Mpa. Example- M25 grade concrete denotes a concrete whose mix is so designed as to generated a characteristic compressive strength of 25 Mpa and M stands for mix.

Minimum grade of concrete for various structure 

1.  Lean concrete bases- M5 and M7.5
2.  Plain Cement Concrete(PCC)- M10
3. RCC general Construction- M15
4. Water Tanks,folded tanks- M20
5. RCC is Sea Water- M30 for RCC and M20 for PCC
6. Post-Tensioned PSC- M30
7. Pre-Tensioned PSC- M40  

• Characteristics Compessive Strength

Concrete has relatively high compressive strength but lower tensile strength.Concrete is heterogeneous material.During compressive strength test, test results on various specimen( cube or cylinder) varies.Therefore for design purpose we define a certain fix value of compressive strength of concrete, this fix value is called characteristics compressive strength of concrete.

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I am a Civil Engineer and knowledgecivilengineer.blogspot.com is my blog about the basic knowledge of Civil Engineering.Here, you can learn the questions and answers of interview for a civil engineer.

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